What Causes PCOS and How Is It Treated?

What Causes PCOS and How Is It Treated?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder impacting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age . Characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries, PCOS can lead to various health complications, including infertility, metabolic issues, and mental health challenges.

Understanding the Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS remains elusive; however, several interrelated factors contribute to its development:

• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of PCOS increases the likelihood of developing the condition, suggesting a hereditary component .

• Insulin Resistance: Approximately 70% of women with PCOS exhibit insulin resistance, leading to elevated insulin levels that can stimulate androgen production, disrupting ovulation .

• Hormonal Imbalances: Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) can interfere with the development and release of eggs during ovulation, contributing to the formation of ovarian cysts .

• Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation is common in women with PCOS, which can stimulate polycystic ovaries to produce androgens .

Recognizing the Symptoms

PCOS manifests through a variety of symptoms, which can vary among individuals:

• Irregular or absent menstrual periods

• Excessive hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism)

• Acne and oily skin

• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight

• Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp

• Darkening of the skin, particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts

• Skin tags in the armpits or neck area

• Difficulty with fertility or infertility

It's important to note that not all individuals with PCOS will experience all these symptoms.

Treatment Options for PCOS

While there is no cure for PCOS, various treatments can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications:

Lifestyle Modifications

Implementing lifestyle changes is often the first step in managing PCOS:

• Diet: Adopting a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, and anti-inflammatory foods can help regulate insulin levels.

• Exercise: Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and aids in weight management .

• Weight Management: Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% can restore ovulation and improve symptoms .

Medications

Depending on individual symptoms and health goals, healthcare providers may recommend:

• Hormonal Birth Control: Regulates menstrual cycles, reduces androgen levels, and clears acne.

• Metformin: Improves insulin resistance and lowers insulin levels .

• Clomiphene or Letrozole: Stimulates ovulation for those trying to conceive.

• Anti-Androgens: Reduces hair growth and acne by blocking androgen effects.

Surgical Options

In cases where other treatments are ineffective, a procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered to trigger ovulation .

Mental Health Support

Given the psychological impact of PCOS, including increased risks of depression and anxiety, mental health support is crucial. Counseling and support groups can provide coping strategies and emotional support .

Exploring Further

For a deeper understanding of PCOS and its management, consider reading the following articles:

• The Root Cause of PCOS

• PCOS Fatigue: Causes and Treatment Tips

  
  

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment options tailored to your individual needs.

References:

• Sammel, M. D., Allison, K. C., & Dokras, A. (2019). Increased odds of disordered eating in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eating and Weight Disorders, 24(5), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0533-yTrista Chan RD, MHSc

• NHS. (n.d.). Polycystic ovary syndrome - Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos/treatment/nhs.uk+1Wikipedia+1

• Wikipedia contributors. (2025, May 6). Polycystic ovary syndrome. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndromeWikipedia+1nhs.uk+1

• Verywell Health. (n.d.). What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/pcos-7369061Verywell Health+1Verywell Health+1

• Business Insider. (2024, January). 5 supplements for PCOS an ObGyn recommends to her patients. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/best-supplements-pcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-doctor-recommended-2024-1